The inclination Angle of a photovoltaic power station is the Angle between the surface of the photovoltaic module and the surface water plane. During the design of power station, the Angle with the highest radiation amount is generally selected as the best inclination design by referring to the historical data of cumulative radiation amount of the year at different inclination angles. Because the Earth is always in orbit around the sun, the point of direct sunlight is always moving back and forth between the Earth's tropic of Cancer. Therefore, the total amount of radiation received by the photovoltaic module surface plane is different under different inclination angles. The inclination Angle that receives the maximum amount of annual radiation is called the optimal inclination Angle.
In the process of selecting the optimal inclination Angle, factors such as geographical environment and natural environment of the construction site should also be considered. Such as the impact of tilt Angle on snow slide; Influence on wind pressure and snow pressure resistance of components when tilt Angle changes; At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the influence of these factors on photovoltaic scaffold material selection and basic weight, and the distance between front and rear row changes caused by too high Angle, increasing the cost of land, etc.
A single variable should be used to compare the influence of different tilt angles on power generation. However, the inclinations of components of the same power station are generally the same Angle and orientation, and there are too many influencing factors when comparing power stations in different regions. Therefore, pV-system design software is considered to demonstrate it. The weather data of the software comes from NASA and Meteonorm weather databases, and the accuracy of the software is up to 99.3%.
Taking a power station in Southern Xinjiang as an example, the actual installation inclination Angle is 34°. However, when the design software is used to calculate and compare the power generation at different tilt angles, it is concluded that the component surface receives the highest radiation amount and the highest power generation at the tilt Angle of 37° in its geographical location. The annual power generation from the actual installation Angle and the calculated optimal Angle is lower by 0.13%. The specific data are as follows:
34 degrees due south of azimuth 37 degrees due south of azimuth
34° First-year tilt generation
The annual total amount of radiation and power generation at different inclination angles are as follows:
Through the above data analysis, we can draw the following viewpoints:
(1) The optimal inclination Angle is related to the local geographical latitude. Taking the equator as the reference point, when the geographical latitude gradually increases towards the poles of the earth, the corresponding optimal tilt Angle gradually increases.
(2) When the inclination Angle increases from horizontal (0°) to optimal inclination Angle, the radiation received by the surface increases correspondingly, and the radiation received by the surface reaches the maximum when the inclination Angle reaches optimal inclination Angle; As the tilt Angle continues to increase, the radiation received by the surface begins to decrease, and the corresponding power generation gradually decreases.
(3) Within ±5° of the optimal inclination Angle, the influence of radiation on power generation is relatively limited. (Source: Polaris Solar Photovoltaic network author: Xinjiang Wind Energy Zhou Zhixiong Zhang MAO)