5 thoughts on “How to look at the quality of jade”
Armando
First, look at the transparency of the crystal, the real jade is strong, the oil is shiny; listening, the sound of the real jade is crispy, and the sound is dumb; the test, the true jade passes from the glass, leaving scratches on the glass, and the jade itself is not destructive. Essence . The common fake jade includes plastic, colorful glass, cloud stones (marble), electro -colored false jade made of jade powder and crystal and salt water. The means of identification are also different. The texture of plastic is lighter than jade, poor hardness, and is generally easy to identify. The coloring glass is also easy to distinguish. As long as you get a light or sun check, you will see a lot of bubbles in the glass. . It is difficult to distinguish the electro -color fake jade. This refers to the plating of the electroplating and plating a beautiful emerald green appearance to the inferior jade. It is easy to mistakenly think that it is true jade. It needs to observe carefully. If there are some small green cracks in the green, it is false jade. Because it will leave a crack during electroplating, the experts call it "spider claw". Some people say that when the electro -color fake jade is placed in the hot oil, the electrolador will fade away, and it will be repaid. Extension information: Category: It jade can be divided into nephrite and ligament. The two are two different minerals. The color of nephrite is translucent white, yellow, green, and black, and the color distribution is evenly distributed. As for the hard jade, it mainly includes white, purple, yellow and green, etc. The uniformity of color distribution will vary in different types of quality. The vast majority of nephrite produced in China, while "sheep fat and white jade" is a treasure in nephrite. The texture is delicate and white. Many superb jade artworks are carved with nephrite. The main producing areas of hard jade are Myanmar, which is rare than nephrite. Because hard jade is better than nephrite in all aspects of jade, color and price, the jade jewelry on the market is mainly made of riffing jade, and consumers' needs are very large. Reference information Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Jade
Reliable ways to distinguish are: see, listen, and test.
depends mainly on the transparency of the crystal, strong transparency in the real jade, and grease;
Listen, the true jade sound is crisp, otherwise the sound is dumb;
Test, Zhenyu passed the glass, leaving scratches on the glass, while the jade itself was not damaged.
M common fake jade is plastic, colorful glass, cloud stone (marble), electro -color fake jade made of synthetic classes made of jade powder and crystal with salt water. Methods, the means of identification are also different.
M plastic texture is lighter than jade, poor hardness, and is generally easy to identify.
is easy to distinguish under color. As long as you get a light or the sun, you will see a lot of bubbles in the glass.
The is difficult to distinguish between electro -color and jade. This purpose is plated to give inferior jade plating a beautiful emerald green appearance. It is easy to mistakenly think that it is true jade. At this time, you need to observe it carefully. If there are some small green cracks in the green, it is false jade. Because it will leave a crack during electroplating, the experts call it "spider claw". Some people say that when the electro -color fake jade is placed in the hot oil, the electrolador will fade away, and it will be repaid.
The synthetic jade made of jade powder and crystal and salt water is a dark old pit jade. The appraisal method is simple, that is, their proportion is different. The proportion of natural jade is 3.3-3.4, while the proportion of artificial synthetic jade is only 2.8. You can distinguish between true and false with your hands, or weigh it with balance.
The jade imitation of nitrics looks white and brighter than jade. The ancients said: "Jade is high, it must be high." That is, Bai Yu is like a nitrate, which is considered to be high -level. It can be seen that the nitrate and jade are difficult to distinguish. However, authenticity is different after all. In terms of color, white jade is often green in white, and there are very few pure white people, and the nitrogen is pure and white. As far as jade is concerned, jade is moist and delicate, such as fat like cream, although the nitrate is also warm, but it is inevitable that there is thief light. Baiyu is a natural product, and it is difficult to be uniform in constitution. Nitches are made of manual, there is no appearance. The white jade texture is solid, and the airless bubbles can be found. No matter how good the nitrics are processing, there are often bubbles and air -eyed exposure. To clarify these a few, you will not treat the nitrate products as a jade ...
Pay content for time limit to check for freenAnswer First: There is a saying in the oily moisturizing line called: Emerald seeding, Hetian Yu picks moisturizing. The so -called moisturizing here is about Hetian Yu's oil glutinousness. The so -called oily glutinous nature is actually the delicate and moisturizing of Hetian jade. Second: The density is difficult to master, and it is difficult to describe it in text. I generally look at the structure with weak light, and the structure is exaggerated. I can't see the internal structure under the outdoor natural light, I think it is okay. Of course, the more delicate, the better. Third: The color and color should be as positive as possible. The best ones can not be bored. Putting jade on white paper, I think it is a very effective way to look at Baiyu. We don't have to compare with white paper, at least feel its real color. Bi Qing's best makes people feel bright. In our cultural heritage, Yu always associates with Bai. In the same case, Bai Yu is indeed selling well. Playing skin color, try to choose ingenuity, white jade is even better. Fourth: Cleanliness is the second factor of choosing a product. Try not to have impurities, cotton, infection, and stone (except for ingenuity). This is relatively easy to distinguish, and it is difficult to discover outdoor naked eye. It really cannot be avoided, and strive to be positive or not affected. Fifth: Type (carving) include appearance, craftsmanship, size. Appearance, we think of the shape of various beautiful utensils in life, and the same is true of jade. The proper proportion of jade will give people a beautiful enjoyment; on the contrary, the shape of crooked melon cracking jujube can always be banned.nI hope to help you be convenient, you can trouble you to like me, thank younQuestionnnIs this jade real?nAnswers can't see the photosnIt is recommended that you take the cabinet appraisalnThe question asked me to fall, if it wasn't it really, I would throw itnSeeing his section is really truenThe answer is expensive or not, if it is not expensive, you don't want to throw it awaynHow much money boughtnMore 9nBleak
The 20 years of reform and opening up, my country's jewelry industry has made great development and achievements. Relevant experts predict that the 21st century jewelry industry may become a pillar industry that supports the steady development of the national economy. At present, the development of my country's jewelry industry is in the stage of transition from a rigidity to a collection type, that is, the growth of the new gemstone appraisal of new gemstones that promote scientific and technological progress, update the varieties of colors, and improve economic benefits Work can be divided into three aspects:
① The gem name is determined.
② material classification, clear material attributes.
③ gem quality is extremely different.
(1) Gem name. For gem identification, the density and refractive index data of the gemstone can be determined. For example: the gem density in the test is 3.52 (± 0.01) g / cm^3, the refractive index is 2.417, the color is scattered O.O44, and then it can be named diamond (diamond) combined with its high thermal conductivity. If you also have data in the chemical composition and crystal structure of gems, the name of the gem will be more accurate. Based on the name of gem ore species, it is divided into variants according to color or special light (cat eye, starlight, color change and color change). For example: The names of green pillars gemstone are divided into green green pillars (also known as emerald) according to the color divided by color. The blue green pillars are called sea blue gems, and colorless green pillars are called transparent green pillars. Special light green pillars, including green pillar cat eyes, star light green pillars, etc. Gem Gemstone minerals are divided into variants names according to color. Rigida with special light can draw starlight rubber, star -light sapphire, sapphire cat eye, etc.
(2) Material classification. Material classification appraisal is one of the most difficult tasks proposed to gem appraisers. Before the gem name is named, you must answer the following questions:
① Is the gem naturally or synthetic or artificial?
② Is the gem staining and surface coating? Have you been not injected or chemically treated?
③ Is the gem heat treated or color diffusion?
④ Is the gem radiation coloring?
⑤ Is the gem surface cracks and holes filled artificially?
In material attributes, we divide materials into two categories: gems and artificial products.
gems:
① Natural gem: substance that is completely formed, specifically referring to the natural mineral crystals that have not been artificially affected, and "pure", "'naturally naturally", "natural naturally" "Synonyms. Including various natural materials.
② Optimized gemstones (artificial treatment gem): Its stone is natural substances, through various new methods and new methods such as chemical, hot, optical, high -energy radiation, etc. Increase the value of gemstones. For the boundary between natural gems and processing gemstones, it is often difficult to draw a boundary due to different means of processing and the intensity of processing.
The artificial product:
① synthetic gemstones: in some artificial method, under the crystallization conditions of manual control, the product formed by the crystallization of it, its physical properties may or Chemical properties and crystal structure are basically consistent with the corresponding natural gemstone. Such as synthetic diamonds, synthetic rubies, synthetic sapphires, etc.
② artificial stone: refers to various crystals that grow artificially, their chemical composition, physical properties and crystal structure, without natural controls. This kind of artificial stone is an imitation product of a gem, such as artificial cubic aluminum (ZRO2) imitation diamond, high hardness (8.5), and the optical effect is very similar to diamonds, but its chemical ingredients, physical properties and crystal structures are all all, all of which are all all. Unlike natural diamonds, there is no natural control. It can only be called artificial stone, not "synthetic gemstone".
③ combined stone (also known as combination stone): The combined stone refers to the combination of two or more crystals or non -crystals, through adhesives or other means, combined in non -natural methods into combination Products can be divided into gems, other minerals, and chemicals. Entering the market for the market: emeralds, ruby, and ruby.
④ Imitation products: use various materials: chemical, plastic, glass, artificial crystals and other materials, imitate the effects of natural gems, synthetic gems, appearance or color, instead of their chemical properties , Physical properties and crystal structure. There are both gem imitation products and synthetic gem imitation products.
⑤ Rebuilding: The raw material of the gemstone, through the method of melting, bonding or fusion, processing into an overall artificial product.
At present, all kinds of artificial products have poured to the market to identify various artificial products to ensure that the mission of gemstones is quite heavy.
(3) The quality of gems. Gem quality is classified, according to the three categories of diamonds, colored gems, and jade. At present, the principles and methods of classification are relatively complete based on the quality grading standards of diamonds, and the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade, regardless of domestic or abroad, have not obtained uniformly recognized uniform standards like diamond 4C standards. The quality of diamonds is generally adopted internationally with 4C grading standards, namely weight, color, clarity, and cutting work. my country has formulated the national standards of "Diamond Tie", which uses 4C standards in principle. However, it should be noted that the 4C standards and people's understanding and mastery have different tendencies in different periods, that is, the focus of 4C will be different. At first, people emphasized weight and believed that the larger the diamond was the most valuable. Later, it was found that not all the quality of the big diamonds was good, so it developed to the pursuit of high -color level, even high calination, crystal clear, dazzling, and the more precious and rich. What is the next focus? People wait and see! Some people now propose that the most perfect diamond comes from superb cutting. The status of cutting may rise.
The jewelry industry of various countries is studying the establishment of the quality grading system of non -ferrous gems and jade. People propose that based on the 4C standards of diamond quality grading, gradually establish and improve the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade. This It is a question that everyone cares about.
Chinese jade is divided into two categories: nephrite and hard jade.
The jade, commonly known as "jadeite", is a rising star in the traditional jade of our country, and it is also the top of all jade in modern times. Common jadeite colors include white, gray, powder, light brown, green, green, yellow -green, purple red, etc. Most of them are opaque, individual transparent, with glass luster. Divided by color and texture, there are gem green, gorgeous green, yellow -yang green, yang green, glass green, paroxymaline green, spinach green, light water green, light yang green, frog green, melon skin green, plum green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green , Gray Green, Oil Green, and Violet and Powder Flores.
The jade jade is called true jade, such as white jade, green jade, white jade, jasper and ink jade, etc. They all have waxy luster and pure milky white. The soft jade is called traditional jade in my country. Common colors of nephrite are white, gray, green, dark green, yellow, black and other colors. Most of them are opaque, individual transparent, with glass luster. The variety of nephrite is mainly divided according to the color. The best one among the white jade is like sheep fat, called sheep fat jade. The jade jade is gray to blue and white, and at present, some people call the gray white jade as blue and white jade. Jasper is green or dark green, and sometimes the black dirty dirt can be seen, which is caused by impurities such as pyrocarlonite minerals. When it contains a lot of impurities, it is precious ink jade. Huang Yu is also a more precious variety. There is a yellow leather shell in green jade. The existing person is called "sugar jade", and the white pink is called "pink jade", and the tiger skin is called "tiger skin jade". The people who play jade because they do not understand jade, they are most afraid of encountering the pupae. At present, the recognition of glass imitation jade products on the market is probably the most common and simplest of raccoons. Common ones are the slippery circles, chick hearts, jade cards, etc., which are called "emerald". This kind of glass product is made of molded molds. The high -temperature glass liquid at the time of the fan will overflow a little at the edge of the utensil. After cooling, it will become a faintly raised fan line. Touching it with your hands and seeing it will be discovered. If you use a large mirror to see the light, there must be large and small bubbles.
If officers, the first players must identify the authenticity of the jade by themselves, and can observe from three aspects:
. Because the glass texture is very crispy and hard, the structure is arranged, the structure is arranged Dredging, lack of tightness and toughness of jade, cannot withstand strong high -speed rotation, so it is generally no high relief and round carvings on the glass.
. Use a magnifying glass to find bubbles, even if you can only see one, you can confirm that it is not jade.
. The glass is added with chromium oxide, near ruby; adds cobalt oxide, color near sapphire; add chromium oxide and copper oxide, color close emerald ... Essence But their hue always looks thin, lacks the oily and thick feeling of natural jade color.
The identification of Xinyu and Old Jade is different. The appraisal of Xinyu focuses on the true and false varieties, the quality of the texture, and the essence of the carving. The appraisal of the old jade is relatively complicated. In addition to the basic requirements of Xinyu, it is also necessary to identify the production of jade articles and its historical value.
The ancient jade appraisal
The identification, identification, and judgment of the cultural relics and cultural relics, times, names, functions, levels, authenticity, etc. rn玉器质地的鉴定依凭视觉观察，并借助矿物学、宝石学的检测手段，确定各种玉的矿物种属以及化学成帧⒔峋Ч乖旌臀锢硖匦浴ＭǔＴ诓豢善苹Zhai Zhai's scar stubbornly gathered, the mountain, the apricot capture ⒈ ⒈ 凵 ā ā ā ā ā � � � � 砩 砩 砩 ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ 觯 觯 觯 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤Wizhuzhuang powder crystal and scanning electronic microscope and other instruments, observe the appraisal jade optical nature and structure, and measure its crystal system. According to the concept of international gem science and mineral science, jade only includes only alkaline single -diarrhea and nephrite of calcium -angle glitter. Both are chain silicate minerals, which are commonly referred to as true jade. It does not belong to the above range, that is, fake jade or semi -jade. The true jade in ancient China was nephrite. A total of 8 jade articles were unearthed in Fuxin Chahai site in Liaoning, and it was determined that it was all true jade; the Hamdu site of the Majiabang culture was all false jade; Shanghai Qingpu Songze Site, the jade was mainly true jade, mixed with false fakes, there were false fakes Jade; Liangzhu culture in the late period, the jade articles from Yuhang Anti -Mountain and Yaoshan sites are almost all true jade. The identification of the texture of jade articles must also be studied, the source of ancient jade is also studied, the sources of ancient jade articles should be explored, and the exchanges and exchanges between the exchanges between various regions and the various cultures are studied. The appraisal of the jade era, in addition to archeological excavations, uses the methods of geological strata science and archeological types, and refer to the age sequence of jade articles in reference The utensils and native environments that cannot be identified, as well as the ancient jade handed down, need to be identified and disconnected. It China has some jade articles unearthed in the early years. Because it has been circulated several times, it has been equivalent to the handed down product. In recent years, scholars have chosen the standards of the land and the standards of the times as the standard according to the new archeological information, and find out some ancient ancient ancient ancient ancient ancient ancient ancients. The similarity of the jade artifact and the above standard device on the shape and pattern, thereby summarizing the regional nature of some ancient jade, and re -found the correct space -time location. This identification method has been adopted by researchers. Museums at all levels and cultural relics collection units must be disconnected, fake, archives and graded for jade collections. The archeological community and the cultural blog departments identify authentic ancient jade and determine their age. The following channels are roughly through the following channels:
① Master the style and work style of the times. Choosing archeological excavations as the standard device will help solve the generation of handed down products. When you can compare the excavations, you need to accumulate visual experience for a long time, and master the style and development of the era of jade. Differentially identify the upper limit of a certain utensil and the lower limit of replacement, the appraisal of the appraisal will not be able to make a bamboo in the age. For example, the animal jade carvings of the Shang Dynasty can use realistic and exaggerated modeling methods, and are restricted by specific ideology at that time to create many outstanding works. Generally, the unearthed Peng jade unearthed in Shang tomb is flat -shaped flat -shaped relief, but it has developed to a good woman. The tomb is unearthed with complicated round sculptures. Animal -shaped in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the outer outline of the animals was carved, like a silhouette. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, flat -shaped animals Peiyu was greatly reduced, and it was a group of Pei Yu. Pei Yu is not only connected to each other, but also has a certain combination, but also pays attention to the symmetry of image and color. During the Warring States Period, Peiyu's decoration was increasingly diluted, and the lines were more curled, which was very different from the previous decoration of the Shang and Week. In the Han Dynasty, the use of jade materials was strictly selected, with a warm texture and white flawless. In addition, feudal ruler attaches great importance to the traditional gift instrument, and with the valuable living products and the many widows of the jade after death, to measure the respect of their social status. The valley patterns and pneuma that prevailed in the Warring States Period disappeared after the Han Dynasty, and the antique wind of the Northern Song Dynasty appeared again. The above example shows that with the changes in the times, jade production has left the imprint of the times. ② Looking at the craftsmanship. Because of the habits of carving and tools and craftsmen, it is most easy to unintentionally reveal the style of the times. Such as: Jade and jade in the Neolithic Age, and the holes are two sides of the drill, which has a slight offset to form a table mark. During this period, the drilling holes on the jade ware have a large diameter, and the smaller the diameter of the inside. At the same time, the arc marks of sagging on both sides during the surface of the device leaves the rope saw; The surface of Hongshan Cultural Jade is likely to use thin edges and processed methods in the center. The Shang Dynasty mostly used the dual -hook -ups to decorate the details, and the lines were bent with the curvature of the shape. The jade carving of the Western Zhou Dynasty form a unique approach. The Jade Tools of the Warring States Period have been improved. The surface of the jade ware is shiny, and it looks sharp. The Han jade pattern has a shade line with thin hair, which is known as "swimming", and is decorated with fine yin carvings on the jade beast and some parts of the jade bird. Production skills. There is a deep three -dimensional carving method in the jade carvings of Song, Liao, and Golden. The jade wares made of such methods include jade pendants and furnaces. In the Ming Dynasty, the deep three -dimensional carving was changed to the double -layer carving of different patterns, such as jade belt. It was carved with vertical utensils in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the rules were flat, and the work was meticulous. ③ Comparison with other crafts in the same time. The style of the times runs through the various process departments of the same period, and there are many places to learn from, communicate, absorb, and integrate with each other. The jade articles of Shang Dynasty are mostly symbolic and decorative patterns, which are basically the same as the bronze craftsmanship. The bird patterns on the jade wares on the Western Zhou Dynasty are often high crown, beak mouth, and long tail rolls, which are exactly the same as the bird pattern on the bronze ware. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the beast -faced jade decoration unearthed from the tomb of the Huang Jun Meng couple was similar to the stealing patterns on the top, which was the same as the stealing pattern on the cricket pattern pot from the same tomb. The jade cards unearthed from the tomb of the No. 1 Temple of Xichuan, the jade card unearthed in the Tomb of the Xichuan, full of tattoos, and the whole body is full of patterns, which is almost no different from the decoration on the same recommendation. The Han Dynasty traversed scarfs can be found in the portrait stone at the same time. The jade articles of the Tang Dynasty were called both shape and spirit, and the sense of sculpture was enhanced. To a certain extent, it was caused by the influence of painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty. During this period, the jade shape and decoration were also closely related to the gold and silverware of the same period. The jade in the Song Dynasty had a strong atmosphere of life, and it became pattern, which was not related to the style of painting academy at that time. In addition to the influence of literati paintings, Yuan, Ming and Qingyu wares are similar to the layered carving of the Ming Dynasty. ④ to obtain certification from the literature. For example, studying the Han Dynasty from the burial jade clothing, from its origin, the appearance of jade in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and developed to the golden carving jade clothing, silver -carved jade clothing, copper -cut jade clothing in the two Han Dynasty, until the death of jade clothes, Emperor Wei Wen banned "Zhu Yanzhuangzhu 襦 襦 例The jade box "from the funeral, all found the literature basis, so that it was convincing to the jade clothes. In the Han Dynasty, the jade and swords and Jade Gang also saw the documents. The jade belt boards were popular in the Tang Dynasty. Define. In the Liao and Golden eras of "spring water jade" and "Akishan jade" research and interrogation, they have been confirmed from the literature. "Spring Water Jade" refers to the jade ware that caught the goose (Swan) pattern. "Akishan Jade" is referred to as the jade ware on the theme of the mountain forest, tiger and deer. "Bowl" activity is consistent. The golden man is Yichidan's old system, and the jade in the history of the golden history is "the clothing of the spring and water, the decoration of the goose, the decoration of the mixed flowers" and "the decoration of the autumn mountains". ⑤ micro detailed characteristics and changes. The older generation appraisers have many people in this regard. They have pointed out the details of the categories of jade articles, such as the shape and decoration of the dragon and the pattern. When you have done in -depth and meticulous research, you can point out the trajectory of the changes in the times one by one, and combined with other aspects of understanding, the judgment is often very accurate. ⑥ Pay attention to identify antique and fake. This depends on the characteristics of the real weapons of each era, carefully analyze and compare, and find out doubts. The pseudo -device must show flaws in some aspects, especially later generations to imitate ancient jade, which can be identified
First, look at the transparency of the crystal, the real jade is strong, the oil is shiny; listening, the sound of the real jade is crispy, and the sound is dumb; the test, the true jade passes from the glass, leaving scratches on the glass, and the jade itself is not destructive. Essence
. The common fake jade includes plastic, colorful glass, cloud stones (marble), electro -colored false jade made of jade powder and crystal and salt water. The means of identification are also different. The texture of plastic is lighter than jade, poor hardness, and is generally easy to identify.
The coloring glass is also easy to distinguish. As long as you get a light or sun check, you will see a lot of bubbles in the glass.
. It is difficult to distinguish the electro -color fake jade. This refers to the plating of the electroplating and plating a beautiful emerald green appearance to the inferior jade. It is easy to mistakenly think that it is true jade.
It needs to observe carefully. If there are some small green cracks in the green, it is false jade. Because it will leave a crack during electroplating, the experts call it "spider claw". Some people say that when the electro -color fake jade is placed in the hot oil, the electrolador will fade away, and it will be repaid.
Extension information:
Category:
It jade can be divided into nephrite and ligament. The two are two different minerals. The color of nephrite is translucent white, yellow, green, and black, and the color distribution is evenly distributed. As for the hard jade, it mainly includes white, purple, yellow and green, etc. The uniformity of color distribution will vary in different types of quality.
The vast majority of nephrite produced in China, while "sheep fat and white jade" is a treasure in nephrite. The texture is delicate and white. Many superb jade artworks are carved with nephrite.
The main producing areas of hard jade are Myanmar, which is rare than nephrite. Because hard jade is better than nephrite in all aspects of jade, color and price, the jade jewelry on the market is mainly made of riffing jade, and consumers' needs are very large.
Reference information Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Jade
Reliable ways to distinguish are: see, listen, and test.
depends mainly on the transparency of the crystal, strong transparency in the real jade, and grease;
Listen, the true jade sound is crisp, otherwise the sound is dumb;
Test, Zhenyu passed the glass, leaving scratches on the glass, while the jade itself was not damaged.
M common fake jade is plastic, colorful glass, cloud stone (marble), electro -color fake jade made of synthetic classes made of jade powder and crystal with salt water. Methods, the means of identification are also different.
M plastic texture is lighter than jade, poor hardness, and is generally easy to identify.
is easy to distinguish under color. As long as you get a light or the sun, you will see a lot of bubbles in the glass.
The is difficult to distinguish between electro -color and jade. This purpose is plated to give inferior jade plating a beautiful emerald green appearance. It is easy to mistakenly think that it is true jade. At this time, you need to observe it carefully. If there are some small green cracks in the green, it is false jade. Because it will leave a crack during electroplating, the experts call it "spider claw". Some people say that when the electro -color fake jade is placed in the hot oil, the electrolador will fade away, and it will be repaid.
The synthetic jade made of jade powder and crystal and salt water is a dark old pit jade. The appraisal method is simple, that is, their proportion is different. The proportion of natural jade is 3.3-3.4, while the proportion of artificial synthetic jade is only 2.8. You can distinguish between true and false with your hands, or weigh it with balance.
The jade imitation of nitrics looks white and brighter than jade. The ancients said: "Jade is high, it must be high." That is, Bai Yu is like a nitrate, which is considered to be high -level. It can be seen that the nitrate and jade are difficult to distinguish. However, authenticity is different after all. In terms of color, white jade is often green in white, and there are very few pure white people, and the nitrogen is pure and white. As far as jade is concerned, jade is moist and delicate, such as fat like cream, although the nitrate is also warm, but it is inevitable that there is thief light. Baiyu is a natural product, and it is difficult to be uniform in constitution. Nitches are made of manual, there is no appearance. The white jade texture is solid, and the airless bubbles can be found. No matter how good the nitrics are processing, there are often bubbles and air -eyed exposure. To clarify these a few, you will not treat the nitrate products as a jade ...
Pay content for time limit to check for freenAnswer First: There is a saying in the oily moisturizing line called: Emerald seeding, Hetian Yu picks moisturizing. The so -called moisturizing here is about Hetian Yu's oil glutinousness. The so -called oily glutinous nature is actually the delicate and moisturizing of Hetian jade. Second: The density is difficult to master, and it is difficult to describe it in text. I generally look at the structure with weak light, and the structure is exaggerated. I can't see the internal structure under the outdoor natural light, I think it is okay. Of course, the more delicate, the better. Third: The color and color should be as positive as possible. The best ones can not be bored. Putting jade on white paper, I think it is a very effective way to look at Baiyu. We don't have to compare with white paper, at least feel its real color. Bi Qing's best makes people feel bright. In our cultural heritage, Yu always associates with Bai. In the same case, Bai Yu is indeed selling well. Playing skin color, try to choose ingenuity, white jade is even better. Fourth: Cleanliness is the second factor of choosing a product. Try not to have impurities, cotton, infection, and stone (except for ingenuity). This is relatively easy to distinguish, and it is difficult to discover outdoor naked eye. It really cannot be avoided, and strive to be positive or not affected. Fifth: Type (carving) include appearance, craftsmanship, size. Appearance, we think of the shape of various beautiful utensils in life, and the same is true of jade. The proper proportion of jade will give people a beautiful enjoyment; on the contrary, the shape of crooked melon cracking jujube can always be banned.nI hope to help you be convenient, you can trouble you to like me, thank younQuestionnnIs this jade real?nAnswers can't see the photosnIt is recommended that you take the cabinet appraisalnThe question asked me to fall, if it wasn't it really, I would throw itnSeeing his section is really truenThe answer is expensive or not, if it is not expensive, you don't want to throw it awaynHow much money boughtnMore 9nBleak
How to identify natural gemstones and jade
The 20 years of reform and opening up, my country's jewelry industry has made great development and achievements. Relevant experts predict that the 21st century jewelry industry may become a pillar industry that supports the steady development of the national economy. At present, the development of my country's jewelry industry is in the stage of transition from a rigidity to a collection type, that is, the growth of the new gemstone appraisal of new gemstones that promote scientific and technological progress, update the varieties of colors, and improve economic benefits Work can be divided into three aspects:
① The gem name is determined.
② material classification, clear material attributes.
③ gem quality is extremely different.
(1) Gem name. For gem identification, the density and refractive index data of the gemstone can be determined. For example: the gem density in the test is 3.52 (± 0.01) g / cm^3, the refractive index is 2.417, the color is scattered O.O44, and then it can be named diamond (diamond) combined with its high thermal conductivity. If you also have data in the chemical composition and crystal structure of gems, the name of the gem will be more accurate. Based on the name of gem ore species, it is divided into variants according to color or special light (cat eye, starlight, color change and color change). For example: The names of green pillars gemstone are divided into green green pillars (also known as emerald) according to the color divided by color. The blue green pillars are called sea blue gems, and colorless green pillars are called transparent green pillars. Special light green pillars, including green pillar cat eyes, star light green pillars, etc. Gem Gemstone minerals are divided into variants names according to color. Rigida with special light can draw starlight rubber, star -light sapphire, sapphire cat eye, etc.
(2) Material classification. Material classification appraisal is one of the most difficult tasks proposed to gem appraisers. Before the gem name is named, you must answer the following questions:
① Is the gem naturally or synthetic or artificial?
② Is the gem staining and surface coating? Have you been not injected or chemically treated?
③ Is the gem heat treated or color diffusion?
④ Is the gem radiation coloring?
⑤ Is the gem surface cracks and holes filled artificially?
In material attributes, we divide materials into two categories: gems and artificial products.
gems:
① Natural gem: substance that is completely formed, specifically referring to the natural mineral crystals that have not been artificially affected, and "pure", "'naturally naturally", "natural naturally" "Synonyms. Including various natural materials.
② Optimized gemstones (artificial treatment gem): Its stone is natural substances, through various new methods and new methods such as chemical, hot, optical, high -energy radiation, etc. Increase the value of gemstones. For the boundary between natural gems and processing gemstones, it is often difficult to draw a boundary due to different means of processing and the intensity of processing.
The artificial product:
① synthetic gemstones: in some artificial method, under the crystallization conditions of manual control, the product formed by the crystallization of it, its physical properties may or Chemical properties and crystal structure are basically consistent with the corresponding natural gemstone. Such as synthetic diamonds, synthetic rubies, synthetic sapphires, etc.
② artificial stone: refers to various crystals that grow artificially, their chemical composition, physical properties and crystal structure, without natural controls. This kind of artificial stone is an imitation product of a gem, such as artificial cubic aluminum (ZRO2) imitation diamond, high hardness (8.5), and the optical effect is very similar to diamonds, but its chemical ingredients, physical properties and crystal structures are all all, all of which are all all. Unlike natural diamonds, there is no natural control. It can only be called artificial stone, not "synthetic gemstone".
③ combined stone (also known as combination stone): The combined stone refers to the combination of two or more crystals or non -crystals, through adhesives or other means, combined in non -natural methods into combination Products can be divided into gems, other minerals, and chemicals. Entering the market for the market: emeralds, ruby, and ruby.
④ Imitation products: use various materials: chemical, plastic, glass, artificial crystals and other materials, imitate the effects of natural gems, synthetic gems, appearance or color, instead of their chemical properties , Physical properties and crystal structure. There are both gem imitation products and synthetic gem imitation products.
⑤ Rebuilding: The raw material of the gemstone, through the method of melting, bonding or fusion, processing into an overall artificial product.
At present, all kinds of artificial products have poured to the market to identify various artificial products to ensure that the mission of gemstones is quite heavy.
(3) The quality of gems. Gem quality is classified, according to the three categories of diamonds, colored gems, and jade. At present, the principles and methods of classification are relatively complete based on the quality grading standards of diamonds, and the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade, regardless of domestic or abroad, have not obtained uniformly recognized uniform standards like diamond 4C standards. The quality of diamonds is generally adopted internationally with 4C grading standards, namely weight, color, clarity, and cutting work. my country has formulated the national standards of "Diamond Tie", which uses 4C standards in principle. However, it should be noted that the 4C standards and people's understanding and mastery have different tendencies in different periods, that is, the focus of 4C will be different. At first, people emphasized weight and believed that the larger the diamond was the most valuable. Later, it was found that not all the quality of the big diamonds was good, so it developed to the pursuit of high -color level, even high calination, crystal clear, dazzling, and the more precious and rich. What is the next focus? People wait and see! Some people now propose that the most perfect diamond comes from superb cutting. The status of cutting may rise.
The jewelry industry of various countries is studying the establishment of the quality grading system of non -ferrous gems and jade. People propose that based on the 4C standards of diamond quality grading, gradually establish and improve the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade. This It is a question that everyone cares about.
Chinese jade is divided into two categories: nephrite and hard jade.
The jade, commonly known as "jadeite", is a rising star in the traditional jade of our country, and it is also the top of all jade in modern times. Common jadeite colors include white, gray, powder, light brown, green, green, yellow -green, purple red, etc. Most of them are opaque, individual transparent, with glass luster. Divided by color and texture, there are gem green, gorgeous green, yellow -yang green, yang green, glass green, paroxymaline green, spinach green, light water green, light yang green, frog green, melon skin green, plum green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green, blue green , Gray Green, Oil Green, and Violet and Powder Flores.
The jade jade is called true jade, such as white jade, green jade, white jade, jasper and ink jade, etc. They all have waxy luster and pure milky white. The soft jade is called traditional jade in my country. Common colors of nephrite are white, gray, green, dark green, yellow, black and other colors. Most of them are opaque, individual transparent, with glass luster. The variety of nephrite is mainly divided according to the color. The best one among the white jade is like sheep fat, called sheep fat jade. The jade jade is gray to blue and white, and at present, some people call the gray white jade as blue and white jade. Jasper is green or dark green, and sometimes the black dirty dirt can be seen, which is caused by impurities such as pyrocarlonite minerals. When it contains a lot of impurities, it is precious ink jade. Huang Yu is also a more precious variety. There is a yellow leather shell in green jade. The existing person is called "sugar jade", and the white pink is called "pink jade", and the tiger skin is called "tiger skin jade".
The people who play jade because they do not understand jade, they are most afraid of encountering the pupae. At present, the recognition of glass imitation jade products on the market is probably the most common and simplest of raccoons. Common ones are the slippery circles, chick hearts, jade cards, etc., which are called "emerald". This kind of glass product is made of molded molds. The high -temperature glass liquid at the time of the fan will overflow a little at the edge of the utensil. After cooling, it will become a faintly raised fan line. Touching it with your hands and seeing it will be discovered. If you use a large mirror to see the light, there must be large and small bubbles.
If officers, the first players must identify the authenticity of the jade by themselves, and can observe from three aspects:
. Because the glass texture is very crispy and hard, the structure is arranged, the structure is arranged Dredging, lack of tightness and toughness of jade, cannot withstand strong high -speed rotation, so it is generally no high relief and round carvings on the glass.
. Use a magnifying glass to find bubbles, even if you can only see one, you can confirm that it is not jade.
. The glass is added with chromium oxide, near ruby; adds cobalt oxide, color near sapphire; add chromium oxide and copper oxide, color close emerald ... Essence But their hue always looks thin, lacks the oily and thick feeling of natural jade color.
The identification of Xinyu and Old Jade is different. The appraisal of Xinyu focuses on the true and false varieties, the quality of the texture, and the essence of the carving. The appraisal of the old jade is relatively complicated. In addition to the basic requirements of Xinyu, it is also necessary to identify the production of jade articles and its historical value.
The ancient jade appraisal
The identification, identification, and judgment of the cultural relics and cultural relics, times, names, functions, levels, authenticity, etc. rn玉器质地的鉴定依凭视觉观察，并借助矿物学、宝石学的检测手段，确定各种玉的矿物种属以及化学成帧⒔峋Ч乖旌臀锢硖匦浴ＭǔＴ诓豢善苹Zhai Zhai's scar stubbornly gathered, the mountain, the apricot capture ⒈ ⒈ 凵 ā ā ā ā ā � � � � 砩 砩 砩 ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ 觯 觯 觯 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤 夤Wizhuzhuang powder crystal and scanning electronic microscope and other instruments, observe the appraisal jade optical nature and structure, and measure its crystal system. According to the concept of international gem science and mineral science, jade only includes only alkaline single -diarrhea and nephrite of calcium -angle glitter. Both are chain silicate minerals, which are commonly referred to as true jade. It does not belong to the above range, that is, fake jade or semi -jade. The true jade in ancient China was nephrite. A total of 8 jade articles were unearthed in Fuxin Chahai site in Liaoning, and it was determined that it was all true jade; the Hamdu site of the Majiabang culture was all false jade; Shanghai Qingpu Songze Site, the jade was mainly true jade, mixed with false fakes, there were false fakes Jade; Liangzhu culture in the late period, the jade articles from Yuhang Anti -Mountain and Yaoshan sites are almost all true jade. The identification of the texture of jade articles must also be studied, the source of ancient jade is also studied, the sources of ancient jade articles should be explored, and the exchanges and exchanges between the exchanges between various regions and the various cultures are studied.
The appraisal of the jade era, in addition to archeological excavations, uses the methods of geological strata science and archeological types, and refer to the age sequence of jade articles in reference The utensils and native environments that cannot be identified, as well as the ancient jade handed down, need to be identified and disconnected.
It China has some jade articles unearthed in the early years. Because it has been circulated several times, it has been equivalent to the handed down product. In recent years, scholars have chosen the standards of the land and the standards of the times as the standard according to the new archeological information, and find out some ancient ancient ancient ancient ancient ancient ancient ancients. The similarity of the jade artifact and the above standard device on the shape and pattern, thereby summarizing the regional nature of some ancient jade, and re -found the correct space -time location. This identification method has been adopted by researchers. Museums at all levels and cultural relics collection units must be disconnected, fake, archives and graded for jade collections. The archeological community and the cultural blog departments identify authentic ancient jade and determine their age. The following channels are roughly through the following channels:
① Master the style and work style of the times. Choosing archeological excavations as the standard device will help solve the generation of handed down products. When you can compare the excavations, you need to accumulate visual experience for a long time, and master the style and development of the era of jade. Differentially identify the upper limit of a certain utensil and the lower limit of replacement, the appraisal of the appraisal will not be able to make a bamboo in the age. For example, the animal jade carvings of the Shang Dynasty can use realistic and exaggerated modeling methods, and are restricted by specific ideology at that time to create many outstanding works. Generally, the unearthed Peng jade unearthed in Shang tomb is flat -shaped flat -shaped relief, but it has developed to a good woman. The tomb is unearthed with complicated round sculptures. Animal -shaped in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the outer outline of the animals was carved, like a silhouette. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, flat -shaped animals Peiyu was greatly reduced, and it was a group of Pei Yu. Pei Yu is not only connected to each other, but also has a certain combination, but also pays attention to the symmetry of image and color. During the Warring States Period, Peiyu's decoration was increasingly diluted, and the lines were more curled, which was very different from the previous decoration of the Shang and Week. In the Han Dynasty, the use of jade materials was strictly selected, with a warm texture and white flawless. In addition, feudal ruler attaches great importance to the traditional gift instrument, and with the valuable living products and the many widows of the jade after death, to measure the respect of their social status. The valley patterns and pneuma that prevailed in the Warring States Period disappeared after the Han Dynasty, and the antique wind of the Northern Song Dynasty appeared again. The above example shows that with the changes in the times, jade production has left the imprint of the times.
② Looking at the craftsmanship. Because of the habits of carving and tools and craftsmen, it is most easy to unintentionally reveal the style of the times. Such as: Jade and jade in the Neolithic Age, and the holes are two sides of the drill, which has a slight offset to form a table mark. During this period, the drilling holes on the jade ware have a large diameter, and the smaller the diameter of the inside. At the same time, the arc marks of sagging on both sides during the surface of the device leaves the rope saw; The surface of Hongshan Cultural Jade is likely to use thin edges and processed methods in the center. The Shang Dynasty mostly used the dual -hook -ups to decorate the details, and the lines were bent with the curvature of the shape. The jade carving of the Western Zhou Dynasty form a unique approach. The Jade Tools of the Warring States Period have been improved. The surface of the jade ware is shiny, and it looks sharp. The Han jade pattern has a shade line with thin hair, which is known as "swimming", and is decorated with fine yin carvings on the jade beast and some parts of the jade bird. Production skills. There is a deep three -dimensional carving method in the jade carvings of Song, Liao, and Golden. The jade wares made of such methods include jade pendants and furnaces. In the Ming Dynasty, the deep three -dimensional carving was changed to the double -layer carving of different patterns, such as jade belt. It was carved with vertical utensils in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the rules were flat, and the work was meticulous.
③ Comparison with other crafts in the same time. The style of the times runs through the various process departments of the same period, and there are many places to learn from, communicate, absorb, and integrate with each other. The jade articles of Shang Dynasty are mostly symbolic and decorative patterns, which are basically the same as the bronze craftsmanship. The bird patterns on the jade wares on the Western Zhou Dynasty are often high crown, beak mouth, and long tail rolls, which are exactly the same as the bird pattern on the bronze ware. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the beast -faced jade decoration unearthed from the tomb of the Huang Jun Meng couple was similar to the stealing patterns on the top, which was the same as the stealing pattern on the cricket pattern pot from the same tomb. The jade cards unearthed from the tomb of the No. 1 Temple of Xichuan, the jade card unearthed in the Tomb of the Xichuan, full of tattoos, and the whole body is full of patterns, which is almost no different from the decoration on the same recommendation. The Han Dynasty traversed scarfs can be found in the portrait stone at the same time. The jade articles of the Tang Dynasty were called both shape and spirit, and the sense of sculpture was enhanced. To a certain extent, it was caused by the influence of painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty. During this period, the jade shape and decoration were also closely related to the gold and silverware of the same period. The jade in the Song Dynasty had a strong atmosphere of life, and it became pattern, which was not related to the style of painting academy at that time. In addition to the influence of literati paintings, Yuan, Ming and Qingyu wares are similar to the layered carving of the Ming Dynasty.
④ to obtain certification from the literature. For example, studying the Han Dynasty from the burial jade clothing, from its origin, the appearance of jade in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and developed to the golden carving jade clothing, silver -carved jade clothing, copper -cut jade clothing in the two Han Dynasty, until the death of jade clothes, Emperor Wei Wen banned "Zhu Yanzhuangzhu 襦 襦 例The jade box "from the funeral, all found the literature basis, so that it was convincing to the jade clothes. In the Han Dynasty, the jade and swords and Jade Gang also saw the documents. The jade belt boards were popular in the Tang Dynasty. Define. In the Liao and Golden eras of "spring water jade" and "Akishan jade" research and interrogation, they have been confirmed from the literature. "Spring Water Jade" refers to the jade ware that caught the goose (Swan) pattern. "Akishan Jade" is referred to as the jade ware on the theme of the mountain forest, tiger and deer. "Bowl" activity is consistent. The golden man is Yichidan's old system, and the jade in the history of the golden history is "the clothing of the spring and water, the decoration of the goose, the decoration of the mixed flowers" and "the decoration of the autumn mountains".
⑤ micro detailed characteristics and changes. The older generation appraisers have many people in this regard. They have pointed out the details of the categories of jade articles, such as the shape and decoration of the dragon and the pattern. When you have done in -depth and meticulous research, you can point out the trajectory of the changes in the times one by one, and combined with other aspects of understanding, the judgment is often very accurate.
⑥ Pay attention to identify antique and fake. This depends on the characteristics of the real weapons of each era, carefully analyze and compare, and find out doubts. The pseudo -device must show flaws in some aspects, especially later generations to imitate ancient jade, which can be identified