1 thought on “How to identify natural gems and jade”
Lynette
In the 20 years of reform and opening up, my country's jewelry industry has made great development and achievements. Relevant experts predict that the 21st century jewelry industry may become a pillar industry that supports the steady development of the national economy. At present, the development of my country's jewelry industry is in the stage of transition from a rigidity to a collection type, that is, the growth of the new gemstone appraisal of new gemstones that promote scientific and technological progress, update the varieties of colors, and improve economic benefits Work can be divided into three aspects:
① The gem name is determined.
② material classification, clear material attributes.
③ gem quality is extremely different.
(1) Gem name. For gem identification, the density and refractive index data of the gemstone can be determined. For example: the gem density in the test is 3.52 (± 0.01) g / cm^3, the refractive index is 2.417, the color is scattered O.O44, and then it can be named diamond (diamond) combined with its high thermal conductivity. If you also have data in the chemical composition and crystal structure of gems, the name of the gem will be more accurate. Based on the name of gem ore species, it is divided into variants according to color or special light (cat eye, starlight, color change and color change). For example: The names of green pillars gemstone are divided into green green pillars (also known as emerald) according to the color divided by color. The blue green pillars are called sea blue gems, and colorless green pillars are called transparent green pillars. Special light green pillars, including green pillar cat eyes, star light green pillars, etc. Gem Gemstone minerals are divided into variants names according to color. Rigida with special light can draw starlight rubber, star -light sapphire, sapphire cat eye, etc.
(2) Material classification. Material classification appraisal is one of the most difficult tasks proposed to gem appraisers. Before the gem name is named, you must answer the following questions:
① Is the gem naturally or synthetic or artificial?
② Is the gem staining and surface coating? Have you been not injected or chemically treated?
③ Is the gem heat treated or color diffusion?
④ Is the gem radiation coloring?
⑤ Is the gem surface cracks and holes filled artificially?
In material attributes, we divide materials into two categories: gems and artificial products.
gems:
① Natural gem: substance that is completely formed, specifically referring to the natural mineral crystals that have not been artificially affected, and "pure", "'naturally naturally", "natural naturally" "Synonyms. Including various natural materials.
② Optimized gemstones (artificial treatment gem): Its stone is natural substances, through various new methods and new methods such as chemical, hot, optical, high -energy radiation, etc. Increase the value of gemstones. For the boundary between natural gems and processing gemstones, it is often difficult to draw a boundary due to different means of processing and the intensity of processing.
The artificial product:
① synthetic gemstones: in some artificial method, under the crystallization conditions of manual control, the product formed by the crystallization of it, its physical properties may or Chemical properties and crystal structure are basically consistent with the corresponding natural gemstone. Such as synthetic diamonds, synthetic rubies, synthetic sapphires, etc.
② artificial stone: refers to various crystals that grow artificially, their chemical composition, physical properties and crystal structure, without natural controls. This kind of artificial stone is an imitation product of a gem, such as artificial cubic aluminum (ZRO2) imitation diamond, high hardness (8.5), and the optical effect is very similar to diamonds, but its chemical ingredients, physical properties and crystal structures are all all, all of which are all all. Unlike natural diamonds, there is no natural control. It can only be called artificial stone, not "synthetic gemstone".
③ combined stone (also known as combination stone): The combined stone refers to the combination of two or more crystals or non -crystals, through adhesives or other means, combined in non -natural methods into combination Products can be divided into gems, other minerals, and chemicals. Entering the market for the market: emeralds, ruby, and ruby.
④ Imitation products: use various materials: chemical, plastic, glass, artificial crystals and other materials, imitate the effects of natural gems, synthetic gems, appearance or color, instead of their chemical properties , Physical properties and crystal structure. There are both gem imitation products and synthetic gem imitation products.
⑤ Rebuilding: The raw material of the gemstone, through the method of melting, bonding or fusion, processing into an overall artificial product.
At present, all kinds of artificial products have poured to the market to identify various artificial products to ensure that the mission of gemstones is quite heavy.
(3) The quality of gems. Gem quality is classified, according to the three categories of diamonds, colored gems, and jade. At present, the principles and methods of classification are relatively complete based on the quality grading standards of diamonds, and the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade, regardless of domestic or abroad, have not obtained uniformly recognized uniform standards like diamond 4C standards. The quality of diamonds is generally adopted internationally with 4C grading standards, namely weight, color, clarity, and cutting work. my country has formulated the national standards of "Diamond Tie", which uses 4C standards in principle. However, it should be noted that the 4C standards and people's understanding and mastery have different tendencies in different periods, that is, the focus of 4C will be different. At first, people emphasized weight and believed that the larger the diamond was the most valuable. Later, it was found that not all the quality of the big diamonds was good, so it developed to the pursuit of high -color level, even high calination, crystal clear, dazzling, and the more precious and rich. What is the next focus? People wait and see! Some people now propose that the most perfect diamond comes from superb cutting. The status of cutting may rise.
The jewelry industry of various countries is studying the establishment of the quality grading system of non -ferrous gems and jade. People propose that based on the 4C standards of diamond quality grading, gradually establish and improve the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade. This It is a question that everyone cares about.
In the 20 years of reform and opening up, my country's jewelry industry has made great development and achievements. Relevant experts predict that the 21st century jewelry industry may become a pillar industry that supports the steady development of the national economy. At present, the development of my country's jewelry industry is in the stage of transition from a rigidity to a collection type, that is, the growth of the new gemstone appraisal of new gemstones that promote scientific and technological progress, update the varieties of colors, and improve economic benefits Work can be divided into three aspects:
① The gem name is determined.
② material classification, clear material attributes.
③ gem quality is extremely different.
(1) Gem name. For gem identification, the density and refractive index data of the gemstone can be determined. For example: the gem density in the test is 3.52 (± 0.01) g / cm^3, the refractive index is 2.417, the color is scattered O.O44, and then it can be named diamond (diamond) combined with its high thermal conductivity. If you also have data in the chemical composition and crystal structure of gems, the name of the gem will be more accurate. Based on the name of gem ore species, it is divided into variants according to color or special light (cat eye, starlight, color change and color change). For example: The names of green pillars gemstone are divided into green green pillars (also known as emerald) according to the color divided by color. The blue green pillars are called sea blue gems, and colorless green pillars are called transparent green pillars. Special light green pillars, including green pillar cat eyes, star light green pillars, etc. Gem Gemstone minerals are divided into variants names according to color. Rigida with special light can draw starlight rubber, star -light sapphire, sapphire cat eye, etc.
(2) Material classification. Material classification appraisal is one of the most difficult tasks proposed to gem appraisers. Before the gem name is named, you must answer the following questions:
① Is the gem naturally or synthetic or artificial?
② Is the gem staining and surface coating? Have you been not injected or chemically treated?
③ Is the gem heat treated or color diffusion?
④ Is the gem radiation coloring?
⑤ Is the gem surface cracks and holes filled artificially?
In material attributes, we divide materials into two categories: gems and artificial products.
gems:
① Natural gem: substance that is completely formed, specifically referring to the natural mineral crystals that have not been artificially affected, and "pure", "'naturally naturally", "natural naturally" "Synonyms. Including various natural materials.
② Optimized gemstones (artificial treatment gem): Its stone is natural substances, through various new methods and new methods such as chemical, hot, optical, high -energy radiation, etc. Increase the value of gemstones. For the boundary between natural gems and processing gemstones, it is often difficult to draw a boundary due to different means of processing and the intensity of processing.
The artificial product:
① synthetic gemstones: in some artificial method, under the crystallization conditions of manual control, the product formed by the crystallization of it, its physical properties may or Chemical properties and crystal structure are basically consistent with the corresponding natural gemstone. Such as synthetic diamonds, synthetic rubies, synthetic sapphires, etc.
② artificial stone: refers to various crystals that grow artificially, their chemical composition, physical properties and crystal structure, without natural controls. This kind of artificial stone is an imitation product of a gem, such as artificial cubic aluminum (ZRO2) imitation diamond, high hardness (8.5), and the optical effect is very similar to diamonds, but its chemical ingredients, physical properties and crystal structures are all all, all of which are all all. Unlike natural diamonds, there is no natural control. It can only be called artificial stone, not "synthetic gemstone".
③ combined stone (also known as combination stone): The combined stone refers to the combination of two or more crystals or non -crystals, through adhesives or other means, combined in non -natural methods into combination Products can be divided into gems, other minerals, and chemicals. Entering the market for the market: emeralds, ruby, and ruby.
④ Imitation products: use various materials: chemical, plastic, glass, artificial crystals and other materials, imitate the effects of natural gems, synthetic gems, appearance or color, instead of their chemical properties , Physical properties and crystal structure. There are both gem imitation products and synthetic gem imitation products.
⑤ Rebuilding: The raw material of the gemstone, through the method of melting, bonding or fusion, processing into an overall artificial product.
At present, all kinds of artificial products have poured to the market to identify various artificial products to ensure that the mission of gemstones is quite heavy.
(3) The quality of gems. Gem quality is classified, according to the three categories of diamonds, colored gems, and jade. At present, the principles and methods of classification are relatively complete based on the quality grading standards of diamonds, and the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade, regardless of domestic or abroad, have not obtained uniformly recognized uniform standards like diamond 4C standards. The quality of diamonds is generally adopted internationally with 4C grading standards, namely weight, color, clarity, and cutting work. my country has formulated the national standards of "Diamond Tie", which uses 4C standards in principle. However, it should be noted that the 4C standards and people's understanding and mastery have different tendencies in different periods, that is, the focus of 4C will be different. At first, people emphasized weight and believed that the larger the diamond was the most valuable. Later, it was found that not all the quality of the big diamonds was good, so it developed to the pursuit of high -color level, even high calination, crystal clear, dazzling, and the more precious and rich. What is the next focus? People wait and see! Some people now propose that the most perfect diamond comes from superb cutting. The status of cutting may rise.
The jewelry industry of various countries is studying the establishment of the quality grading system of non -ferrous gems and jade. People propose that based on the 4C standards of diamond quality grading, gradually establish and improve the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade. This It is a question that everyone cares about.