stainless wholesale sheets for jewelry cut outs Regarding the navigation technology of the Han Dynasty, including the Maritime Silk Road.
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rhodium jewelry wholesale The shipbuilding industry in the Han Dynasty was already very developed. According to the ancient book records and the study of modern Han Dynasty ship models, it can be seen that the Han Dynasty had been able to cause various types of ships according to different uses and needs, including passenger ships, cargo ships, warships, and so on. There are also official ships and civilian ships in the passenger ships; there are crickets, 艑, boats, flat boats, flat boats, light boats, boats, and boats. Many of the warships developed from civilian vessels. Warships are much higher than the manufacturing requirements of civilian ships. The structure and performance of the warship are very high. First of all, we must be strong, can defend the enemy's offense, but also have aggressiveness. We must be equipped with weapons that can attack, but also require speed. Therefore, the warship represents the shipbuilding capacity and technical level at the time. There are many types of warships, such as Ge Ship, Bridge, Battleship, Méngchōng Mengchong], and building ships.
Thekn shipbuilding technology in the Han Dynasty has matured. The most important thing to explain the technology of the Han Dynasty is the "building ship". The building ship is the reputation of the sailor army, and it is also a general name for the warship. In the three years of Yuanxuan (120 BC), Emperor Hanwu ordered the Kunming Pool 40 miles in the southwest of Chang'an City to build a building ship in the pool. It can start a high -rise building on the boat, so it is called a boat. This is an important warship type in the Han Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty has existed. In the Han Dynasty, its scale and shape were much larger than Qin Shi. Its large number of appearances were an important symbol of the high development of the shipbuilding industry in the Han Dynasty. According to the "Historical Records · Pingzhong" records: "At the time, the more you want to fight with the Han Dynasty, it is a great repair of the Kunming Pond, listed on the ring, building a ship, more than ten feet high, the flag is added, and it is very strong. "The hull of the building is tall, with three floors on the top, the first floor is" Lu "," Like Lu House "; the second floor, that is," The top of its treasure is flying Lu, on the top, so the third floor is also; the third floor is also; the third floor is "The warning of the bird and the bird in the middle of the Juejue (bird) is also the warning of the birds in the middle" (Liu Xi's "Release Name"). Lu, Feilu, and Que's rooms, each of these three floors has the women's wall that defends the enemy's bow and arrows. The female wall has a shooting window. In order to defend the enemy's knife and gun attack, sometimes the leather and other things on the boat. The equipment on the boat is complete, and the driving tools such as fiber rope, 楫, 橹, sail and other driving tools have been used. The boat was surrounded by battle flags, mighty and majestic. Sometimes there are nearly a hundred tall buildings in the Kunming Pool. In the Han Dynasty, there were more than 200o ships and 200,000 people in a battle in a battle. During combat, the fleet is equipped with various combat vessels. The front warship is called "first"; the warship "艨艟", which has a narrow and long impact on the enemy ship; there is a light and fast -growing red Clippers called "Red Horse"; in addition, there are upper and lower The double -layer board is called "threshold", and the four -sided board defense sacred stone, which is like a heavy armed ship in the threshold. There are also the main warships dew, conflict, Ge ship, and so on. The buildings and the Ge ship are all warships, all of which are above 500 dendrobium. There are also huts on the boat, called "scout" to observe the enemy's advance and retreat. The 300 Dendrobium is called "■". It is called a boat below 200, and its behavior is 梃, and one person does. There are also "■ ■" and "■" (■) and so on. In addition, there are larger ships, such as Yuzhang Daji [xiāng Township, and read the chuān ship] above the palace, which can carry 10,000 people. "Thousands of people" may be too exaggerated. Even if the "thousand people" are carried, the load weight has reached 90-100 tons.
The number of shipbuilding in the Han Dynasty. At that time, the ship created at the time was calculated by the length of the "bang", and some big businessmen had 1,000 feet of boats.
It can also prove the development of the Han Dynasty shipbuilding industry and the advanced shipbuilding technology. From 1973 to 1974, a wooden ship model was unearthed in the Western Han tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Fenghuang Mountain, Jiangling, Hubei, 71 cm long, 10.5 cm in the middle of the middle, narrow heads, slightly wider tails, flat bottoms, and streamlined ends. Lift. There are also information about boat boats unearthed at the same time as the ship model.
1951-1952, a small, middle -length, long and long ship -shaped ship model was found in the tomb 203 of the Western Han Dynasty excavated in Changsha. There are regular nails. It shows that this kind of ship has adopted the advanced nail technology in the world at that time.
In 1955, a pottery model was unearthed in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the suburbs of Guangzhou. There are eight horizontal rack beams, and the two sides of the ship have a side aisle for supporting the rudder. There is a rudder anchor.
1975 discovered the site of the ancient shipbuilding workshop in Guangzhou in Guangzhou, and found three large ships, which can be built at the same time to build a few wooden ship weighing and 60 tons. According to research, this is a shipbuilding site in the Qin and Han dynasties. In addition, there are Qin -Han Shipbuilding Workshops in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi.
This of many sailor bases in the Western Han Dynasty. The sailor division's standing army is stationed in the main places along the river and the sea, belonging to the jurisdiction of the county. The main bases in the Western Han Dynasty are Yuzhang (Nanchang, Jiangxi), Puyang (Jiujiang area in Jiangxi), Lujiang (Anhui Anqing), Hueiji (Suzhou, Jiangsu), Jizhang (Zhejiang Yuyao Qiantang River Hangzhou Bay) Entering Laizhou Bay) and other places. Lujiang, Hueiji and other counties are also important shipbuilding bases.
The Emperor Hanwu completed the feudal regime of feudal cutting regime in the East (now southeast of Zhejiang Province), Fujian (part of Fujian), South Vietnam (part of Guangdong) with its strong sailor. Unity, consolidated the sea and township, laid the foundation for the smooth flow of the southeast and southern coastal routes, and opened up the Maritime Silk Road.
The Emperor Hanwu also toured the sea seven times. Not only was he very close, sometimes once a year, and until the first two years he died, he was still in the sea when he was 69 years old.
The first tour of the sea: In the first month of the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Emperor Hanwu toured the sea for the first time. To Donglai (now Shandong Yixian), Qi people took the opportunity to say that there were no less than 10,000 people on the sea. He sent a large fleet with the same scale with Xu Fu's Dongdu to explore the road to Japan. He even personally leads the fleet to the sea to go to Penglai to seek immortals. The ministers are suffering. Later, he toured to the vermiculite along the Bohai Sea, toured east to western Liaoning, and returned to Chang'an, capital in May.
It the second tour of the sea: the second year of the Yuanfeng (109 BC) in the Spring Festival, only six months before the first tour of the sea. No see. Back in Chang'an in April. In the autumn, he sent General Zuo Zuo [zhì rule] to send troops from western Liaoning. This time, the two routes entered the same way as Emperor Wanda's first tour Donglai and the line to Liaoning. It can be seen that this time the sea patrol is still to open the Japanese route. The following year, due to the division of the North Korean rule, Wei died in North Korea. Emperor Wudi set up Zhenfan (now the Kaicheng area of North Korea), Lingutun (now southern North Korean Mirror South Road), Lelang (now South Pyongyang), Xuanzheng [Tù Rabbit] (now Liaoning Qingyuan Nearby) Four counties to open up overseas routes. Since then, the intermediate obstacles (North Korea) of the China -Japan route have been opened, and the Han people have migrated to North Korea and Japan in large quantities, and the people can also come to China through North Korea.
The third tour of the sea: Five years of Yuanfeng (106 BC) in the winter, Wu Di Xian south tour Jiangxi and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hunan, then from Liyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi, Huangmei, Hubei Huangmei The area) led a large fleet "from the Puyang Fushe River, shooting the River in the River, and got it." Under the Shunjiang River, I went to Anqing to inspect the shipbuilding base of Puyang (Anhui Liyang) in Anqing Houkou below Anqing. "In the", go down the river, go out of the Yangtze River, enter the East China Sea, and go north to Langxie along the coast. In March, returned to Taishan and returned to Chang'an in April. For the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coast, the sailor base of Lujiang (Anqing and Puyang) in Lujiang (Anqing and Puyang) is more important than the Laiyang (Jiangxi) sailor base.
The fourth tour of the sea: Six years of Yuanfeng (105 BC) in October, Wu Emperor toured to the sea eastward to the sea, and he sent the sea to the sea to find a fairy ship in the first year. Then send the second batch of fleets to the sea.
The fifth time to the sea: The first month of the third year of Taichu (102 BC), Emperor Wu also toured the sea to see the fairy and understand the situation of the sea fleet. In April, Feng Taishan, Chanshi Pavilion (under Taishan, Fang Shi thought the fairy pavilion), and Changan.
The sixth time of the sea: In February of the three years of the Taichi (AD), Emperor Wudi also toured the east, seeking fairy, to Langxie, and then crossing the sea to Chengshan and Zhi. return".
The seventh time the sea tour: Zhenghe Four years (89 BC) Spring in the first month of the Spring Festival, Emperor Wanda last toured the sea to Donglai. Coinciding with the wind on the sea for more than ten days, the seawater was boiling, and the boats could not leave the port, so they had to return. In March, Emperor Wu regretted his past mistakes, adopted Tian Qianqiu's suggestion, and canceled the scholars seeking fairy. After that, Emperor Wudi sighed: "In the past, it was foolish and deceived by Fang Shi. Is there a fairy in the world? It is all demon delusions, or dietary medication. Emperor Wudi tried to open up maritime transportation and committed to exchanges from all over the sea. With the efforts of Emperor Hanwu, the Han Dynasty finally opened three important maritime routes.
1. From the north to Dandong, Liaoning, north to the north and south coastal routes of the mouth of the Bailun River in Guangxi.
2. From the coast of Shandong to the Yellow Haitong to North Korea and Japan.
3. Maritime Silk Road: Xu Wen, Hepu route.
The Emperor Hanwu was sent to the Western Regions twice in the three years of Jianyuan (138 BC) and the four years of Yuanlin (119 BC) twice. It opened the "Silk Road" on the land of China and the West.
The country is famous for its silk (seres) since ancient times. Extended to the place where the silk -produced -China. The ancient Greeks called China as Seres. After the Silk Road was opened, China Silk was exported to Daqin (that is, the Roman Empire), but it must be converted through businessmen in ancient Asia (leading the Iranian plateau and the two river basins). The Romans want to find the sea channel to China. During the Emperor Hanwu, the Great Qin Kingdom had entered a tribute. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), the Gongqin Guogong flower hoof. The color of the color is six feet high, the tail surrounds its body, with meat at the corner, hoofs like lotus, good walking more force ①.
The sailing boat in the Han Dynasty opened a route from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean. This is the first ocean route in our history and the earliest overseas trade in the world.
The first more complete records of the routes on the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean in ancient Chinese literature are shown in "Hanshu · Geography": "From the obstacles of the south and south (county Bidae, today Vietnam Hue Lingjiangkou), Xu Wen (now Xuwen County, Guangdong), and Hepu (now Hepu County, Guangxi) sailed in May. ; The ship can also leave the country for more than 20 days (now the coast of the Ilova River River in Myanmar); it can be walking for more than ten days. More than in February, there are Huang Zhiguo (now near Maderas, India); folklore is slightly similar to Zhuya. It has a large state, many hukou, and many foreign things. All applicants have entered the sea, the city's pearls, wall flowing, strange stone foreign body, and golden golden miscellaneous. Drowning, no years to return. Da Zhu to the encirclement below two inches, Ping Emperor Yuanshu, Wang Mang supplemented by the government, wanted to shine Wide, the thick legacy of the Huangzhi, and the dedication to the rhino. Picong (now the Parker River Estuary of the Malaysian Peninsula Clarida Gorge); the ship can be in February, to the world of Noutheita (now central Vietnam), Xianglin (now the south of Weichuan, Guangnan, Vietnam). Country (now Sri Lanka), the translation of Han has since been still. "
This is the true portrayal of China's sea ship via the South China Sea and via the Malacca Strait in the Indian Ocean. That is, from Xuwen, Guangdong, Guangxi Hepu to the South China Sea to India and Sri Lanka, with Sri Lanka as the transit point. From here, China can buy pearls, glazed glazed, and strange stones. China's silk (miscellaneous), etc., can be transferred to Rome, thus opening up the Maritime Silk Road.
"The History of Natural History" by the scientist Plins (AD 23-79), a scientist in ancient Roman, said that four people in Roma in the Roman Caesar era came out from the sea. Make Rome, according to Raches, his father had personally arrived in China in person. It is also said that China and Rome have direct contacts with Sri Lanka. Plink also introduced that the Roman nobles were "deepened by the river and sea to fish for pearls." In addition to leaving jewelery to themselves, the Roman nobles also "go to Sirius (China) in exchange for clothing (silk)". "According to the minimum calculation, the money of our country (referring to Rome) flows into India, Ceris and the Arabian Peninsula each year. In exchange for "strange stones", Rome can reach the trade volume of 100 million Cascia.
It ninth year of Emperor Emperor Yan Yan (AD 166), "Daqin King Dan Dun sent an ambassador from the south of the Southern Emperor, and the ivory, rhino horn, and 玳瑁, the beginning is a puppet." ("Hou Han Book of Western Regions ") This is the earliest record of direct friendship between China and European countries. This kind of friendly exchanges broke through the transit of Sri Lanka, which was directly carried out by the sea and east -west routes at sea.
The development of the sea of shipwrecks in the Han Dynasty also illustrates the richness of navigation knowledge. In the Han Dynasty that was not applied to the sea, Zhou Shi could only observe the stars, especially the Beidou Star and the Arctic Star based on experience. "Those who are confused by the husband, do not know what, see the fighting pole." ("Huainanzi · Qi Culfur") In terms of weather changes, the Han Dynasty known to observe the wind direction and make judgments. The wind of wind is important. Traveling the boat in the water, plus the smooth wind, the sailing quickly and safely. If it is a boat, plus the wind, the voyage is slow and it is easy to danger. The boat division attaches great importance to this monsoon that changes with the seasons.
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rastafarian jewelry wholesale When Emperor Hanwu (140 BC -87 BC) ruled, the socio -economic development was strong. In order to unify the coastal areas and develop the transportation and trade of offshore and ocean, Emperor Hanwu tried his best to strengthen the shipbuilding industry, established a strong sailor, and navigated seven times.
The shipbuilding industry in the Han Dynasty is already very developed. According to the ancient book records and the study of modern Han Dynasty ship models, it can be seen that the Han Dynasty had been able to cause various types of ships according to different uses and needs, including passenger ships, cargo ships, warships, and so on. There are also official ships and civilian ships in the passenger ships; there are crickets, 艑, boats, flat boats, flat boats, light boats, boats, and boats. Many of the warships developed from civilian vessels. Warships are much higher than the manufacturing requirements of civilian ships. The structure and performance of the warship are very high. First of all, we must be strong, can defend the enemy's offense, but also have aggressiveness. We must be equipped with weapons that can attack, but also require speed. Therefore, the warship represents the shipbuilding capacity and technical level at the time. There are many types of warships, such as Ge Ship, Bridge, Battleship, Méngchōng Mengchong], and building ships.
Thekn shipbuilding technology in the Han Dynasty has matured. The most important thing to explain the technology of the Han Dynasty is the "building ship". The building ship is the reputation of the sailor army, and it is also a general name for the warship. In the three years of Yuanxuan (120 BC), Emperor Hanwu ordered the Kunming Pool 40 miles in the southwest of Chang'an City to build a building ship in the pool. It can start a high -rise building on the boat, so it is called a boat. This is an important warship type in the Han Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty has existed. In the Han Dynasty, its scale and shape were much larger than Qin Shi. Its large number of appearances were an important symbol of the high development of the shipbuilding industry in the Han Dynasty. According to the "Historical Records · Pingzhong" records: "At the time, the more you want to fight with the Han Dynasty, it is a great repair of the Kunming Pond, listed on the ring, building a ship, more than ten feet high, the flag is added, and it is very strong. "The hull of the building is tall, with three floors on the top, the first floor is" Lu "," Like Lu House "; the second floor, that is," The top of its treasure is flying Lu, on the top, so the third floor is also; the third floor is also; the third floor is "The warning of the bird and the bird in the middle of the Juejue (bird) is also the warning of the birds in the middle" (Liu Xi's "Release Name"). Lu, Feilu, and Que's rooms, each of these three floors has the women's wall that defends the enemy's bow and arrows. The female wall has a shooting window. In order to defend the enemy's knife and gun attack, sometimes the leather and other things on the boat. The equipment on the boat is complete, and the driving tools such as fiber rope, 楫, 橹, sail and other driving tools have been used. The boat was surrounded by battle flags, mighty and majestic. Sometimes there are nearly a hundred tall buildings in the Kunming Pool. In the Han Dynasty, there were more than 200o ships and 200,000 people in a battle in a battle. During combat, the fleet is equipped with various combat vessels. The front warship is called "first"; the warship "艨艟", which has a narrow and long impact on the enemy ship; there is a light and fast -growing red Clippers called "Red Horse"; in addition, there are upper and lower The double -layer board is called "threshold", and the four -sided board defense sacred stone, which is like a heavy armed ship in the threshold. There are also the main warships dew, conflict, Ge ship, and so on. The buildings and the Ge ship are all warships, all of which are above 500 dendrobium. There are also huts on the boat, called "scout" to observe the enemy's advance and retreat. The 300 Dendrobium is called "■". It is called a boat below 200, and its behavior is 梃, and one person does. There are also "■ ■" and "■" (■) and so on. In addition, there are larger ships, such as Yuzhang Daji [xiāng Township, and read the chuān ship] above the palace, which can carry 10,000 people. "Thousands of people" may be too exaggerated. Even if the "thousand people" are carried, the load weight has reached 90-100 tons.
The number of shipbuilding in the Han Dynasty. At that time, the ship created at the time was calculated by the length of the "bang", and some big businessmen had 1,000 feet of boats.
It can also prove the development of the Han Dynasty shipbuilding industry and the advanced shipbuilding technology. From 1973 to 1974, a wooden ship model was unearthed in the Western Han tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Fenghuang Mountain, Jiangling, Hubei, 71 cm long, 10.5 cm in the middle of the middle, narrow heads, slightly wider tails, flat bottoms, and streamlined ends. Lift. There are also information about boat boats unearthed at the same time as the ship model.
1951-1952, a small, middle -length, long and long ship -shaped ship model was found in the tomb 203 of the Western Han Dynasty excavated in Changsha. There are regular nails. It shows that this kind of ship has adopted the advanced nail technology in the world at that time.
In 1955, a pottery model was unearthed in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the suburbs of Guangzhou. There are eight horizontal rack beams, and the two sides of the ship have a side aisle for supporting the rudder. There is a rudder anchor.
1975 discovered the site of the ancient shipbuilding workshop in Guangzhou in Guangzhou, and found three large ships, which can be built at the same time to build a few wooden ship weighing and 60 tons. According to research, this is a shipbuilding site in the Qin and Han dynasties. In addition, there are Qin -Han Shipbuilding Workshops in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi.
2 The building ship of the Han Dynasty was an ancient aircraft carrier !!!
The sale base in the Western Han Dynasty. The sailor division's standing army is stationed in the main places along the river and the sea, belonging to the jurisdiction of the county. The main bases in the Western Han Dynasty are Yuzhang (Nanchang, Jiangxi), Puyang (Jiujiang area in Jiangxi), Lujiang (Anhui Anqing), Hueiji (Suzhou, Jiangsu), Jizhang (Zhejiang Yuyao Qiantang River Hangzhou Bay) Entering Laizhou Bay) and other places. Lujiang, Hueiji and other counties are also important shipbuilding bases.
The Emperor Hanwu completed the feudal regime of feudal cutting regime in the East (now southeast of Zhejiang Province), Fujian (part of Fujian), South Vietnam (part of Guangdong) with its strong sailor. Unity, consolidated the sea and township, laid the foundation for the smooth flow of the southeast and southern coastal routes, and opened up the Maritime Silk Road.
The Emperor Hanwu also toured the sea seven times. Not only was he very close, sometimes once a year, and until the first two years he died, he was still in the sea when he was 69 years old.
The first tour of the sea: In the first month of the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Emperor Hanwu toured the sea for the first time. To Donglai (now Shandong Yixian), Qi people took the opportunity to say that there were no less than 10,000 people on the sea. He sent a large fleet with the same scale with Xu Fu's Dongdu to explore the road to Japan. He even personally leads the fleet to the sea to go to Penglai to seek immortals. The ministers are suffering. Later, he toured to the vermiculite along the Bohai Sea, toured east to western Liaoning, and returned to Chang'an, capital in May.
It the second tour of the sea: the second year of the Yuanfeng (109 BC) in the Spring Festival, only six months before the first tour of the sea. No see. Back in Chang'an in April. In the autumn, he sent General Zuo Zuo [zhì rule] to send troops from western Liaoning. This time, the two routes entered the same way as Emperor Wanda's first tour Donglai and the line to Liaoning. It can be seen that this time the sea patrol is still to open the Japanese route. The following year, due to the division of the North Korean rule, Wei died in North Korea. Emperor Wudi set up Zhenfan (now the Kaicheng area of North Korea), Lingutun (now southern North Korean Mirror South Road), Lelang (now South Pyongyang), Xuanzheng [Tù Rabbit] (now Liaoning Qingyuan Nearby) Four counties to open up overseas routes. Since then, the intermediate obstacles (North Korea) of the China -Japan route have been opened, and the Han people have migrated to North Korea and Japan in large quantities, and the people can also come to China through North Korea.
The third tour of the sea: Five years of Yuanfeng (106 BC) in the winter, Wu Di Xian south tour Jiangxi and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hunan, then from Liyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi, Huangmei, Hubei Huangmei The area) led a large fleet "from the Puyang Fushe River, shooting the River in the River, and got it." Under the Shunjiang River, I went to Anqing to inspect the shipbuilding base of Puyang (Anhui Liyang) in Anqing Houkou below Anqing. "In the", go down the river, go out of the Yangtze River, enter the East China Sea, and go north to Langxie along the coast. In March, returned to Taishan and returned to Chang'an in April. For the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coast, the sailor base of Lujiang (Anqing and Puyang) in Lujiang (Anqing and Puyang) is more important than the Laiyang (Jiangxi) sailor base.
The fourth tour of the sea: Six years of Yuanfeng (105 BC) in October, Wu Emperor toured to the sea eastward to the sea, and he sent the sea to the sea to find a fairy ship in the first year. Then send the second batch of fleets to the sea.
The fifth time to the sea: The first month of the third year of Taichu (102 BC), Emperor Wu also toured the sea to see the fairy and understand the situation of the sea fleet. In April, Feng Taishan, Chanshi Pavilion (under Taishan, Fang Shi thought the fairy pavilion), and Changan.
The sixth time of the sea: In February of the three years of the Taichi (AD), Emperor Wudi also toured the east, seeking fairy, to Langxie, and then crossing the sea to Chengshan and Zhi. return".
The seventh time the sea tour: Zhenghe Four years (89 BC) Spring in the first month of the Spring Festival, Emperor Wanda last toured the sea to Donglai. Coinciding with the wind on the sea for more than ten days, the seawater was boiling, and the boats could not leave the port, so they had to return. In March, Emperor Wu regretted his past mistakes, adopted Tian Qianqiu's suggestion, and canceled the scholars seeking fairy. After that, Emperor Wudi sighed: "In the past, it was foolish and deceived by Fang Shi. Is there a fairy in the world? It is all demon delusions, or dietary medication.
china wholesale beads findings jewelry South China Sea Ⅰ
Catalog
· Name Origin
· Salvation Plan
· Ship Ship Disposal
· Boat Cultural Relics
Value and meaning
The introduction
"South China Sea I" was a merchant ship in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a length of 30.4 meters and a width of 9.8 meters. The total number of cultural relics in the cabin was 60,000 to 80,000 pieces. This is the earliest ocean trade merchant ship that has the earliest, the largest and most complete preservation of the ships in the world, and the only sinking ship that can witness the ancient maritime Silk Road! " In 1987, it was discovered outside the Guangzhou Salvation Bureau and a diving company in the UK at Outabuki Sichuan Island, Guangdong. It has been found that it has been 20 years since it has been sinking for more than 800 years. N Nanhai Ⅰ sank at the west of the Pearl River Estuary, about 20 nautical miles south of Dongping Port, Dongping Port, Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province. It was found in 1987 and was approved by the State Council in 1989. The salvage plan
"South China Sea I" has been sinking for more than 800 years, and the hull has been very fragile after the seawater was washed and corroded. After the experts conducted several research and demonstration of the salvage of "South China Sea I", they finally determined " The plan for salvage "overall salvage. Nanhai No. Ⅰ Ancient shipbuilding overall salvage is the first in both the world's archeological world and the salvage industry. The ancient sink ship and the whole body silt on the bottom of the sea are salvaged as a whole.
In according to this plan, after the giant sink well is pressed into the sea floor, the overall covers the shipwreck and the surrounding mud, and then from the sink from the sink Wearing 36 steel beams on both sides of the well to form a sealed "steel box", and the "South China Sea Ⅰ" is salvaged with the seawater and the surrounding sediment. The sink well designed and manufactured for more than a month, 35.7 meters long, 14.4 meters wide, 12 meters high, weighing 530 tons, divided into two parts of the sinking well. The horns are convenient for the sink well to be inserted into the muddy bottom. 36 opponent holes are reserved at the bottom of the upper sink well, and the 36 backbone will pass through.
What is the identity
It South China Sea Ⅰ Golden jewelry such as gold bracelets, gold belts, and gold rings, none of them are rust and shiny. There are four or two bracelets, which can be speculated that the owner of the ship wearing these gold jewelry may be very rich.
Archaeologists also speculate that these thick gold bracelets, gold belts and gold rings cannot be worn in general In the body, it is not worn by a thin person. So, will this person a burly and huge rich businessman?
2. Whether the people on board escaped N
Judging from the tentative salvage results of the cultural relics of the South China Sea No. Ⅰ in recent years, the bones of the ancients have not been found. Then, when the South China Sea I sank, has the staff on board escape? It is speculated that because the belts, rings, bracelets and other gold in South China Sea Ⅰ are mostly jewelry, and the number is small, it should not be a ocean cargo, which is likely to be worn by the wealthy merchants on board. When the number sinks, the wealthy businessman on the boat If the fruit can be escaped in time, you should not throw all the gold bracelets, golden belts, and gold rings worn by you and escape, so it may be buried in the sea with the South China Sea Ⅰ.
3. How to live on the ship at that time
The archaeologists cleaned a relatively complete lacquer box from the condensate. Its owner has a delicate life.
The pottery pots of different sizes in the sink, simple shape. Experts believe that these pots are likely to be used by crew members on the South China Sea I, and some of them may be used for liquor. If it is true, recorded in the Song Dynasty literature, the life of the crew's drinking and recreation on the ocean on the way to the ocean may be confirmed on the South China Sea I.
4. Is the shipwreck overload?
This in Europe has two famous warships, one is the "Washa" of Sweden, and the other is the British "Mary Rose". The weight is too large and sink. So is the "South China Sea Ⅰ" also sinking because of overloading?
5. What is the starting place of Nanhai Ⅰ?
The water cultural relics in the South China Sea I are mostly porcelain in Jiangxi and Fujian, as well as porcelain in Jingdezhen. Jingdezhen is located in the northwest of Fujian. In addition, there were records in historical materials that there were few ships in Guangdong Port in the Song Dynasty, and they were traveling from the north and north of Quanzhou and north. Therefore, comprehensive analysis, South China Sea I is unlikely to from Guangzhou, and it is likely to be the Quanzhou area of Fujian.
6.
The cultural relics value of the South China Sea I may already estimate that it may exceed 100 billion US dollars.
The territory of the Southern Song Dynasty is small, and most of the GDP is used for "compensation" of the northern minority regime. However, the Southern Song Dynasty was one of the richest dynasties in China. Because most of the national wealth accumulation relied on overseas trade, the Southern Song Dynasty could even be called the ocean era of ancient China. The ancient ship's life compartment can be said to condense the background of the entire era, and the historical information contained in it may be beyond people's imagination.
7. Why is the wooden boat not rot for many years?
"South China Sea Ⅰ" is located at a depth of 20 meters below the sea and covered by the mud more than 2 meters thick. Surprisingly, the vessels of the ancient ships that have been sinking for more than 800 years have been preserved very well. The entire ship did not turn over or has no side. Instead, it was sitting on the bottom of the sea. The wood of the hull was relatively hard.
In the early exploration of "South China Sea I", a small number of broken wood blocks on the hip body were also found. Wei Jun said that some of the materials of these wooden blocks are pine tails. Mawei is more common in South China, such as Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. Therefore, the birthplace of "South China Sea I" is most likely South China.
Why can "South China Sea Ⅰ" be able to undergo 800 years without rot? The person in charge of the "South China Sea I" water environment research group and Professor Xu of the School of Biology of Sun Yat -sen University said that "South China Sea I" still preserved intact after more than 800 years of soaking: First, "South China Sea Ⅰ" sank sank into the sinking The underwater environment has a low concentration of oxygen. It can be speculated that the ship quickly attached a large amount of silt in the short period of sinking, so that the hull is isolated from the outside world and avoided oxidative damage. Studies on the mud around the shipwreck found that there are many creatures in the mud, but there are no survival, which shows that the surrounding of the hull is an environment with a very good anaerobic condition. The second is the material used in the "South China Sea I" is pine wood. According to Guangdong folk, the water is soaked for thousands of years, and the wind blows thousands of years. This shows that pine wood is a better shipbuilding material for soaking.
The cultural relics on the boat
· Porcelain: Many porcelain is very exotic
"South China Sea I" has thousands of pieces of porcelain, which brings together Dehua kiln and magnetic stoves There are more than 30 species of kiln, Jingdezhen, Longquan kiln and other well -known kiln mouths in the Song Dynasty. Most of them can be set as national first and secondary cultural relics. "South China Sea Ⅰ" also unearthed many "foreign flavors" porcelain, from the sharp jugs to the large porcelain bowls with a horn, all have a strong Arabic style.
"Song porcelain is in groups, the country is rare ...... cherish! Caiyun is easy to loose, treasure porcelain is fragile. Foreigners 巧 巧, porcelain is called China. The Southern Song Dynasty, the glaze bottle in the main claws of the wolf ..." - "" "Suining Fu" Wei Minglun
"South China Sea Ⅰ" has now more water out of more than 2,000 pieces of porcelain, which brings together ceramic boutiques in the Song Dynasty in Dehua Kiln, Magnetic Kiln, Jingdezhen, Longquan Kiln, etc., with more than 30 varieties. Most can be set as national first and secondary cultural relics. Water outlets have obvious exotic styles and are considered to be products that were "processed" by the Song Dynasty. The president of the Chinese Ancient Ceramics Association and the ceramic identification Thai Dou Geng Baochang screamed on the porcelain that came out of the "South China Sea I": "The porcelain research of porcelain for a lifetime has never seen so many porcelain treasures. I have never heard of it! "
The Song Dynasty was the first heyday of Chinese porcelain, and there were five famous kiln in Ding, Jun, Guan, Brother, and Ru. Compared with the gorgeous enamel color of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Song Porcelain is known for its elegant monochrome glaze. It is regarded as "everyone ladylikes" in Chinese porcelain by many porcelain enthusiasts.
Thenone kiln in the Song Dynasty, the official kiln was bordering. Song Huizong established the Jun porcelain kiln in Shenxiang Town, Henan Province, and fostered porcelain such as flower pots and pots for the palace. Under his host, Jun porcelain surface was burned out of unusually beautiful and faint lines. Because it was difficult for future generations to imitate, there was a saying that "Jun Porcelain Wushuang" was said.
During Song Jingde's reign, Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng ordered Chang to enter the royal porcelain in the south, and the four words "Jingde Year System". Because of its exquisiteness, it has been in the name of "Jingdezhen" for a long time. With the south of the Song Dynasty, many famous kiln farms in the north rushed to Jingdezhen, bringing the advanced porcelain -making process in the north at that time, and the rapid development of Jingdezhen's porcelain -making technology. In the Song Dynasty, Jingdezhen was famous for its production of "shadow celadon" and "blue -white glazed porcelain". It also reached overseas through the two major commercial ports of Quanzhou and Guangzhou, becoming a brand -name product that is popular at that time. It is said that when the Dutch and Portuguese merchants first trafficking porcelain to Europe, the price of porcelain was almost equal to gold. According to Zhao Royi's "Zhu Fanzhi", the porcelain of the Song Dynasty was transported to more than 50 countries around the world, and the farthest included in Africa's Tanzania and other places.
In the huge economic interests, there are many porcelain kiln appeared near the ports of famous foreign trade in Quanzhou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other well -known foreign trade in the Song Dynasty. Porcelain, etc. are the famous export porcelain that year. Archaeologists have found some porcelain sculptures in the magnetic stove kiln. The characters have high noses and deep eyes. They vividly reproduce the scene of the trade port "The Sound of the Hcean".
It in the Song Dynasty, Guangdong porcelain industry entered an unprecedented prosperity period. The famous kiln yard and other famous kiln yards such as Xicun Kiln and Chaozhou Bijiashan Kiln appeared. There were more than 80 kiln sites and 130 million years of annual porcelain. Increase nearly 22 times. In the Southern Song Dynasty Zhu Xi "Pingzhou You Talk" records the situation of exported porcelain exported in Guangzhou merchant ships in the late Northern Song Dynasty: "Ship ships are dozens of feet deep each, and businessmen are divided into storage. Lying on it. The cargo is more pottery, and the size is set, and there is no gap. "Some experts said that most of the Song porcelain found in Southeast Asia is foreign trade products in Guangzhou that year.
As Song Porcelain's light was far away, foreigners rushed to Song Porcelain. In foreign countries, the use of Song porcelain has become a symbol of class and identity, and even affects their living customs. According to records, before the introduction of Chinese ceramics in Southeast Asia, most of the plant leaves are used as food utensils. After the input of Song porcelain, they changed the dietary customs of "eating and eating" in the past, using exquisite and practical porcelain as food utensils. Today, in the Indonesian National Museum, there are still many "speakers" large porcelain bowls produced in the Song Dynasty.
Golden device: The unified characteristic is that the large
The gold device is the most eye -catching and most elegant cultural relic on the "South China Sea I". So far, the South China Sea I has produced gold jewelry such as gold bracelets, gold belts, and gold rings. It has no rust and shiny. They are more uniformly characterized. The golden waist band is 1.7 meters long, the diameter of the gold bracelet is greater than the rice bowl, and the thumbs are thicker. It can be speculated that the human body wearing these accessories is thick and tall.
Copper coins: The hard currency of "Sea Silk Road"
The "South China Sea I" shipping point has found tens of thousands of copper coins. Among them, the oldest is the five baht of the Han Dynasty.
So many currencies may indicate the prosperity of China's national strength at that time, and Chinese currency can become a hard currency of the "sea road at sea". On the other hand, it also shows the wealth of the ship owner.
The iron wares: The Song Dynasty exported to Guangdong Iron Instrument
In addition to Chinese specialty products such as ceramics, China, which was ahead of technology at that time, also exported iron to the world. After more than 800 years, they have been fully recognized. There are two things that are more large in the "South China Sea Ⅰ" ship warehouse, that is, the iron pot and the iron nails, and the iron pot and the seawater have a effect. The multi -centimeter is long, and the iron nails are bandaged with bamboo crickets, and the number is very large. In the Song Dynasty, Guangdong was the place of origin of iron.
Copper ring: "semi -finished product" export deep processing?
In the goods loaded in the "South China Sea I", in addition to the iron pot, there are still many metal -made goods, such as copper ring and copper beads. For the purpose of the two, archeologists have stated that the use of copper beads is not good at speculation.
Is in the exhibition of water outlets, experts analyzed that from the appearance of these products, it was just a preliminary casting or polishing, and there were no traces of decoration such as patterns such as copper rings. The ship owner transports semi -finished products from China to overseas for deep processing.
If archaeological matters
● In 1987, when the Guangzhou Salvation Bureau and the British Ocean Detection Company were looking for a shipwreck in East India in the Yangtze River Sea Essence The archeological community believes that it may be related to the Silk Road at sea and attract worldwide attention. The ship is named "South China Sea I".
● In 2000, the archeological department launched an official investigation into the "South China Sea I".
● In April 2001, a total of 12 members of underwater archeological professional players in the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology of the China History Museum, searched and located the site of the shipwreck.
● From March to May 2002, the underwater archeological team went off the water again, carefully excavated, salvage the submarine shipbuilding, and salvaged more than 4,000 cultural relics.
● In October 2003, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Culture held an expert demonstration meeting of the "South China Sea I" overall salvage plan.
● In November 2003, the deputy governor of Guangdong Province Lei Yulan hosted a meeting to plan and set the "Guangdong Maritime Silk Road Museum" construction project.
● In March 2004, the Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Commission agreed to raise funds to build the Maritime Silk Road Museum at Shili Silver Beach, Hailing Island, Yangjiang City.
● On December 28, 2005, the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road Museum started construction.
● On January 16, 2007, the archeological team went to the seaside exploration before the salvage area of the shipwreck, and then salvage for more than 9 months.
● On December 21, 2007, the "South China Sea Ⅰ" ancient Shen ship was lifted. On December 22, at 10 am, the "South China Sea I" water outlet ceremony was held at the scene.
● In 2008, Crystal Palace Kaiwan welcomes the tourists.
This has been determined to adopt a "overall salvage" plan to hang the shipwreck, cultural relics and the surrounding seawater and sediment in the original state of the "Crystal Palace" of the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road Museum. With the construction of the Crystal Palace of the Guangdong Maritime Silk Museum, it will cost RMB 230 million: 60 million yuan of salvage expenditure is 60 million.
D value and significance
The overall salvage and storage costs reached 300 million
In 2004, the overall salvage plan of the "South China Sea I" was determined. According to this plan, the salvage budget is more than 100 million yuan. However, with the push of salvage time, the cost of salvage has gradually increased. According to the number revealed by the "South China Sea I" underwater archeological team, it took more than 14 million yuan for the construction of the "South China Sea I" to build the temporary terminal. The steel, cement, underwater facilities, ships, artificials, etc. invested in China, calculated that the salvage project budget was close to 150 million yuan. If the "Crystal Palace" costs 150 million yuan, the total cost of "South China Sea I" salvage and preserved will be as high as 300 million yuan. As soon as the plan came out, it was evaluated as "crazy move without cost".
The salvation of general shipments also costs millions of yuan, and "overall salvage and preservation" cost several times or even more than ten times more funds than "salvage and preservation".
The most expensive salvage is worthy of
The archeological value of "South China Sea I" is the first, but the archeological value cannot be measured simply with money. "South China Sea Ⅰ" is the longest age found in the world, the largest hull, and the largest preservation of shipwrecks. It provides typical specimens for studying ancient shipbuilding technology and navigation technology. Its cultural relics may also solve many secrets of 'Sea Silk Road ", and their archaeological value of cultural relics is much higher than economic value.
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multicolor jewelry wholesalers There was a water battle in China in China. At the time, Wu Guo's warship was the most famous. In 515 BC, Wu Wangyu used Wu Zizhen to rule Wu. Building a boat in Wuxi Cixi City, the large scale is called the "Ship Palace", and the small scale is called "Shitang", which began to develop the boat division. Wu Guo's fleet has a variety of ships such as "艅艎", "three wings", "emergence", "building", and "bridge". He also wrote "Yu Emperor", which is a large warship taken by the prince. According to ancient books, the first painting of the boat has a pattern with a bird, which has excellent navigation performance. The main battleship of the water army is three wings, namely large wings, middle wings and wings. Among them, the wings are 10 feet long and 1.5 feet wide. Generally, there are 91 sailors. Among them, there are 26 combatants who conduct remote shooting. Four of the melee personnel, including the captain and the combat commander. The weapons and equipment on the ship have four hooks, spears, and ax each, thirty -two crossbow, 3,300 arrows, 32 full sets of armor. vice. The middle wing is one feet, three feet and five inches long, nine feet long and six feet long; small wings are one feet and two feet wide, nine feet long. Wu Zixu also used the car warfare method for water warfare, pioneering a set of water warfare. Wu Guo has won a glorious victory with these warships with Chu and Vietnam in Hanshui and Taihu, and in the ten years of Lu Ai Gong (485 BC), Wu Guo also carried out the recorded China in history. The first coastal activity of the boat teacher. Later, Gou Jian was daring, and he also vigorously developed the navy. When the Vietnam country destroyed Wu, the warship had developed to 300 ships.
It's continuous maturity of Chinese ships in the Qin and Han dynasties, and the sailor has a fixed name, which is called "building ship". The large -scale water warfare or waterway transportation has appeared. For example, the Qin Dynasty shipped a builder of 500,000 square meters of Baiyue. Emperor Hanwu had tweeted 200,000 to South Vietnam before attacking North Korea. In the era of Emperor Wudi, the sailor of the main force as the main force was very powerful. The fleet was equipped with a variety of combat ships. There were "first settled" at the forefront of the fleet. ", There are" red horses "that are as fast as horses, as well as" thresholds "with double -layer armed ships with double -layer boards up and down. Of course, the ship is the most important ship and the main force of the sailor. The building is a famous ship type in the Han Dynasty. Its construction and development are also a sign of superb shipbuilding technology. The boat, as the name suggests, is a boat with a building, more than 10 feet high, and several floors are built on the deck. Each floor has a female wall (that is, low wall) that defends the bow and arrows of the enemy. The female wall is used as a window hole for turning the crossbow to attack the enemy. In order to defend the enemy's fire attack, the boat was covered with leather. The behemoth of the building also inserted the flags, and the sword was standing upside down, with a strong momentum. In 1975, a large -scale ancient shipbuilding workshop was excavated in Guangzhou, and three large ships were found to build several wooden boats weighing 50 or 60 tons. According to research, this is a shipbuilding site in the Qin and Han dynasties. In addition, in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places, there are also Qin and Han shipbuilding workshops. For example, the Kunming Pond Shipbuilding Base in the West of Chang'an City, with a length of 40 miles, sometimes there are nearly a hundred tall buildings in the pool. The equipment on the boat is complete, and the fiber rope, 橹, sail, and 楫 have been used. At this time, Chinese ships were not only applied to the inland rivers and lakes, but also the navigation technology has also matured. Qin Shihuang had conducted several large -scale navigation during the four -party parade. The Bohai Sea crossed the Yellow Sea directly to attack the Korean Peninsula.
jewelry wholesale 26th street nyc During the Qin and Han dynasties, the development of the shipbuilding industry in my country appeared the first peak. Qin Shihuang organized a large fleet that could transport 500,000 stone grains in the war in southern China. According to ancient books, Qin Shihuang sent generals to lead the fleet consisting of the buildings to attack the Chu State. After unifying China, he toured several times several times and traveled to the river or sail at sea by boat.
In the Han Dynasty, the sailor of the building's main force was very powerful. It is said that once a battle, the Central Government of the Han Dynasty could dispatch more than 2,000 ships and 200,000 people. The fleet is equipped with a variety of battleships, and there are "first setting up" at the top of the fleet. The narrow battleship "Mongolia" used to impact the enemy ship, there is a fast ship "Chima" like a running horse. There are "thresholds" with double -layer armed ships with double -layer boards up and down. Of course, the ship is the most important ship and the main force of the sailor. The building is a famous ship type in the Han Dynasty. Its construction and development are also a sign of superb shipbuilding technology.
The development of Qin and Han Shipbuilding industry has laid a solid foundation for the advancement of shipbuilding technology in future generations
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